Aperçu des sections

  • Introduction

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    "Set within the political and institutional framework of a country, a health system is “the ensemble of all public and private organizations, institutions, and resources mandated to improve, maintain or restore health."” From Health systems strengthening, universal health coverage, health security and resilience

    "A health system comprises all organizations, institutions and resources whose primary intent is to improve health. In most countries, the health system is recognized to include public, private and informal sectors. While the World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes economic, fiscal and political management systems that underpin formally organized health services, it also recognizes the informal sector; this consists of self-help and care by families and communities, and the role of informal and traditional practitioners. Health systems are about more than patient care: they attend to why people become ill in the first place, and foster health-promoting environments, and sound preventive practices." From Primary Health Care and Public Health: Foundations of Universal Health Systems

    The need to understand, and to improve, health systems is well encapsulated by this quote from US President Obama who stated: “We will not be successful in our efforts to end deaths from AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis unless we do more to improve the health systems around the world” (5 May 2009).

    The aim of this course is to explore health systems, focusing on those in low- to middle-income countries. The course would be suitable for any health professional either working in or interested in health systems in developing countries.

    By the end of the course, you should be able to:

    • Understand the attributes of health systems, the role of leadership and governance, and the potential of Health Systems Strengthening

    • Understand the role of various forms of health financing and health insurance, with relevance for Developing Countries

    • Identify what is needed for quality improvement in patient care and health care systems, and the importance of health information to measure process and outcome

    • Explain the importance of the availability of essential drugs, procedures, vaccines and technology (using vaccines as a case study)

    • Understand the importance of an adequate, well trained, and well performing health workforce

    The World Health Organisation has attempted to identify 6 building blocks for health systems, and this course covers each of these blocks:

    From: World Health Organization (WHO). Everybody's business - strengthening health systems to improve health outcomes: WHO's framework for action. WHO; Geneva: 2007. http://www.who.int/healthsystems/strategy/everybodys_business.pdf

    The World Bank is also a key player in health systems: "In the era of sustainable development goals, the World Bank plays a pivotal role in promoting universal health coverage and strengthening health systems." From Universal health coverage, health systems strengthening, and the World Bank

    Navigating the course.

    We have provided summaries of, and links to, a number of resources we think you will find interesting - to access them, click on the Resources in each section, and then on the hyperlinks within each set of resources. There is also a forum in each section for Reflection - you can post your reflections there if you wish, and see if others have also posted their reflections. There is a quiz at the end to test your knowledge. You can gain a certificate if you download the resources and post to the forum in each section and pass the quiz.

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    This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

  • Health systems - their attributes, governance and strengthening

    The resources in this section are designed to help understand the importance of health systems to the health of populations and the role of leadership and governance, and the potential of Health Systems Strengthening

  • Health care financing

    This section of the course is designed to help you understand the role of various forms of health financing and health insurance, with relevance for Developing Countries

  • Quality and information

    This section of the course is designed to help identify what is needed for quality improvement in patient care and health care systems, and the importance of health information to measure process and outcome. Both the quality of care and useful information systems are important attributes of good health systems.

  • Case study: availability of essential drugs, procedures, vaccines and technology

    This section of the course allows us to consider the importance of the availability of essential drugs, procedures, vaccines and technology (using vaccines as a case study)

  • The health workforce

    This section of the course is designed to help understand the importance of an adequate, well trained, and well performing health workforce

  • Gain a certificate

    If you have downloaded the resources in each section, and passed the quiz, you can gain a certificate

    • quiz icon
      Quiz: Health systems Test
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      Take this quiz - a score of 9/12 will qualify towards a certificate