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  • Introduction

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    Welcome to this module, which covers some of the Public Health aspects of climate change and its impact on populations.
    This course, open to everyone, aims to inform about the dangers of climate change to Public Health and spur us to action. Please share with others.

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    This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

    A few facts first: 

    As the Global Climate and Health Alliance has said:
    "Climate change poses an urgent threat to human health, and the impacts are already being felt around the world. Without transformative system change, they will become dramatically worse, particularly in the poorest regions - which have contributed least to the causes of climate change.
    The health sector everywhere needs to play a central role in addressing climate change--the greatest health threat of the 21st century. We must reduce healthcare's climate footprint, make our health systems more resilient, and most importantly advocate for a fundamental shift in energy, transport and agriculture policies. Our task is to end our dependency on fossil fuels, a move that can help tackle both climate change and the rise in non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cancer, heart disease, stroke, and asthma."

    The Lancet has called climate change "the biggest global health threat of the 21st century” and in its 2015 Commission on Climate Change and Health, while commenting that "The implications of climate change for a global population of 9 billion people threatens to undermine the last half century of gains in development and global health. The direct effects of climate change include increased heat stress, floods, drought, and increased frequency of intense storms, with the indirect threatening population health through adverse changes in air pollution, the spread of disease vectors, food insecurity and under-nutrition, displacement, and mental ill health" also says "The central finding from the Commission's work is that tackling climate change could be the greatest global health opportunity of the 21st century."

    You might want to follow the Lancet Countdown: Tracking the connections between public health and climate change. The Lancet 2022 countdown report can be examined here and has a number of key messages:

    A persistent fossil fuel addiction is amplifying the health impacts of climate change, and compounding  the concurrent energy, cost-of-living,  food, and COVID-19 crises we face.

    Governments and companies continue to prioritise the fossil fuels above, and to the detriment, of peoples’ health, jeopardising a liveable future.

    The world faces a critical juncture. A health-centred, aligned  response to the compounding crises can still deliver a future where people can not only survive, but thrive.

    The full report is worth exploring, including the visual summaries.

    You might also like to read the current issue of the Lancet Planetary Health. Planetary health "aims not only to investigate the effects of environmental change on human health, but also to study the political, economic, and social systems that govern those effects."

    From the World Health Organisation:


    The US Environmental Protection Agency has made a number of key points: 

    • Countries around the world will likely face climate change impacts that affect a wide variety of sectors, from water resources to human health to ecosystems.
    • Impacts will vary by region and by population.
    • Many people in developing countries are more vulnerable to climate change impacts than people in developed countries.
    • Impacts across the globe can have national security implications for the United States and other nations.


    Updates: The evidence on climate change is updated all the time. Please take the time to update yourself on recent developments. For example, look at 10 Big Findings from the 2023 IPCC Report on Climate Change where you will see: 'emissions have climbed steadily over the past decade, reaching 59 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO2e) in 2019 — approximately 12% higher than in 2010 and 54% greater than in 1990.' So there is a long way to go!

    Other courses: The SDG Academy has a number of 'Free, open educational resources from the world’s leading experts on sustainable development'. They go beyond climate change, but please take a look.

    Ways to navigate the course: Click on the hyperlinks to take you to read a resource.

    This course is for self study, although we have posted some Reflections as discussion questions to get you thinking -  you can post to these if you wish.

    There is a quiz to allow you to review your understanding of some of the concepts covered. You can earn a Certificate of Completion if you view each of the Resources pages and post a reflection in each Topic and pass the quiz (see Topic 5 at the end).

    NOTE: you can only gain a certificate if you are enrolled as a student (also free). If you have not already done so, you can enrol if you click on Home next to the logo top of page.

    The course was prepared by Professor Dick Heller, with input from Professors Peter Sainsbury and Lynne Madden as well as Dr John Van Der Kallen.

  • Topic 1: Introduction to climate change

    Headline competence (learning outcome): After completing this Topic you should be able to:

    Understand the key historical and projected estimates of climate change, and the human  influence on climate change.

    Before exploring the resources, you might want to look at this short video from NASA who say: 'Earth's average surface temperature in 2022 tied with 2015 as the fifth warmest on record, according to an analysis by NASA. Continuing the planet's long-term warming trend, global temperatures in 2022 were 1.6 degrees Fahrenheit (0.89 degrees Celsius) above the average for NASA's baseline period (1951-1980), scientists from NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York reported.'


  • Topic 2: Climate change and human health

    Headline competence (learning outcome): After completing this Topic you should be able to:

    Understand the magnitude of the potential health problem for your local, national and global populations from climate change; and to be able to advise on implementation of improved data collection and accuracy (numerator and denominator) as well as explore and analyse the potential Public Health benefits of addressing climate change.

    Look at this short video

    from the Lancet Commission on Health and Climate Change, it an excellent introduction to the topic.

  • Topic 3: Climate change in the context of environmental sustainability

    Headline competence (learning outcome): After completing this Topic, you should be able to: Understand how the health impacts of climate change relate to the ecosystem and environmental sustainability 

    Before exploring the resources below, you might like to look at this short video 'Welcome to the Anthropocene'


    From the Welcome to the Anthropocene educational web portal

  • Topic 4: Climate change, policy and politics

    Headline competence (learning outcome): After completing this Topic you should be able to:

    Identify the key issues which must be addressed when developing policy options and Understand the main global players and influences

  • Topic 5: What can we do about climate change?

    Headline competence (learning outcome): After completing this Topic, you should be able to:
    Debate the strengths and weaknesses of a variety of potential interventions to reduce the Public Health impact of climate change in your setting.

    Bear in mind the headline comment from a 2014 report by 18 prestigious scientists:

    "In the face of an absolutely unprecedented emergency, society has no choice but to take dramatic action to avert a collapse of civilisation. Either we will change our ways and build an entirely new kind of global society, or they will be changed for us". (Blue Planet Synthesis paper for UNEP)

    This message is repeated regularly - here by a lead author of part of the 2022 IPCC report: Loss and damage: A moral imperative to act.